Bunions

Causes, Symptoms, Myths, and Treatment Options

Bunions are a common foot condition that can cause discomfort and affect your daily activities. If you have a bump on the side of your foot near the base of your big toe, you may have a bunion. Read on to learn more about bunions, their causes, symptoms, and treatment options.

What Are Bunions?

A bunion (medically known as hallux valgus) is a bony bump that forms at the joint where your big toe meets your foot. Over time, the big toe may begin to lean toward the second toe, pushing the joint outward and causing discomfort. Bunions can make it difficult to wear certain shoes and may lead to pain while walking or standing.

Signs You May Have a Bunion

If you're wondering whether you have a bunion, look out for the following signs:

  • A visible bump on the side of your foot at the base of the big toe.

  • Redness, swelling, or tenderness around the joint.

  • Pain or soreness that worsens when wearing tight shoes.

  • Restricted movement in the big toe.

  • Corns or calluses where the big toe and second toe rub against each other.

What Causes Bunions?

Bunions develop when pressure on the foot causes the big toe to move out of alignment. This can happen due to a combination of factors, including:

  • Genetics – Some people inherit foot structures that make them more prone to bunions.

  • Foot stress or injury – Repeated pressure or trauma to the foot can lead to bunion development.

  • Arthritis – Certain types of arthritis, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can increase the risk of bunions.

  • Flat feet or abnormal foot mechanics – The way you walk or distribute weight on your feet may contribute to bunions.

Discomfort Associated with Bunions

Bunions can cause various types of discomfort, including:

  • Intermittent pain – Some people only experience pain when wearing certain shoes.

  • Persistent aching – Pain may continue even when barefoot.

  • Sharp or burning sensations – Nerve irritation can cause sharp or tingling pain around the bunion.

  • Swelling and inflammation – The joint may become red, swollen, and tender to the touch.

  • Limited movement – As the bunion worsens, it may be harder to bend or move the big toe.

Common Misconceptions About Bunions

There are many myths surrounding bunions. Here are some common misconceptions and the truth behind them:

  • TRUTH:
    A bunion is not extra bone but a misalignment of the big toe join that causes the bone to stick out.

  • TRUTH:
    While tight or high-heeled shoes can make bunions worse, many people develop them due to genetics, foot structure, or arthritis.

  • TRUTH:
    Bunions are a structural issue with the foot, not caused by hygiene or an infection.

  • TRUTH:
    Bunions do not disappear without treatment. They may worsen over time, so early intervention is key.

  • TRUTH:
    Many non-surgical treatments can relieve symptoms and slow bunion progression. Surgery is typically only recommended for severe cases.

Treatments for Bunions

Non-Surgical Treatments

Many people can manage their bunion symptoms without surgery. Common non-surgical treatments include:

  1. Wearing the Right Shoes – Choose shoes with a wide toe box and good arch support to reduce pressure on the bunion. Avoid high heels and pointed shoes.

  2. Orthotic Inserts – Custom or over-the-counter shoe inserts can help improve foot alignment and reduce pressure on the bunion.

  3. Padding and Taping – Applying bunion pads or taping the foot can help relieve pain and prevent friction.

  4. Ice Therapy – Applying ice to the bunion for 10–15 minutes at a time can help reduce swelling and discomfort.

  5. Pain Relief Medications – Over-the-counter medications like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage pain and inflammation.

  6. Stretching and Exercises – Certain foot exercises may strengthen muscles and improve flexibility to slow bunion progression.

  7. Lifestyle Modifications – Avoid standing for long periods or activities that put excessive stress on your feet.

Surgical Treatment

If non-surgical treatments do not relieve pain or if the bunion significantly affects daily activities, surgery may be recommended. Bunion surgery (bunionectomy) aims to correct the alignment of the toe and remove the bony bump.

Dr. Pica specializes in comprehensive bunion correction including:

  • 3D Correction at the Midfoot using:

  • 3D Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS) using:

    • Nanoplasty™ Procedure

    • Percuplasty™ Procedure

  • Fusion of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint (MTPJ) using:

    • Speed MTP™ Procedure

Surgery is typically an outpatient procedure, meaning you can go home the same day. Recovery time varies, but most patients can resume normal activities within a few weeks to months, depending on the procedure.

When to See a Podiatrist

If you suspect you have a bunion and experience persistent pain, difficulty walking, or trouble finding comfortable shoes, it’s time to see a podiatrist. Early intervention can help slow the progression of bunions and prevent further complications. Whether you’re looking for surgical or non-surgical treatment options, Dr. Pica can help. Follow the link below to request a consultation online or call (804) 320 - FOOT (3668).